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骑友体验交流

自行车链条的清洗和上油
链条的清洗和上油,或许是日常简单维护中最平常也是最重要的工作了。清洗链条最好是使用专门的工具洗链器,从长远来说,这点投资是值得的。
所需用具:

维修架、清洗剂、旧报纸、干抹布、润滑油、旧牙刷、注射器、洗链器、油性笔。
第1步在工作地面铺设报纸或抹布,接收在清洗过程中可能从链条滴下的多余清洗液。
第2步把自行车放在维修架上,牙盘变到中盘或小盘,飞轮变到中间的齿轮。调整自行车使得链条的下层与地面尽量平
第3步用刷子或抹布先擦掉一些链条上的泥浆、泥土和污垢
第4步往清洗器里装入清洗液
第5步把洗链器放到下层链条的底部,位置在牙盘和飞轮的中部,装配好洗链器。
第6步握紧手柄,慢慢的逆时针转动曲柄,经过几次转动,就洗净链条了。必要时,装入新的清洗液继续清洗,直到链条干净。

左手握手柄,右手转曲柄,两手都要用力,达到一个平衡,链条才能顺畅转动。刚开始使用可能不容易把握力道,会拉不动,或将链条拉离所在的牙盘,习惯后就好了。
清洗时可以多转几圈,尽量将缝隙里洗干净
第7步使用抹布擦掉链条上所有的清洗液,尽可能的擦干。
进行前后变速,然后把牙盘、飞轮等地方残留的清洗液也擦掉。
擦完之后,放在阳光下晒干或风干,链条彻底的干后,才能上油
第8步立即擦去散落的污染物,处理好清洗液和脏的抹布。
结束后,用水冲洗洗链器,然后风干。
二.链条上油上油尽量在洗干净并干燥后进行。
润滑油要使用专用的链条油,Wolf's的比较便宜。有条件的可以使用FinishLine链条油(分干、湿等多种),效果更好,当然价格也贵一些。
第1步构成链条的每一块金属之间,都必须沾染到油。上油时,逐个往链条的轴销两侧滴油(这里才是链条真正需要润滑的地方),假如链条有108个轴销,就滴油216处。
使用Wolf's油时,将油瓶倒过来,油就会滴下了,缺点是油量不好控制,如果不嫌麻烦的话,可以用注射器,效果好一些。
由于要加油的地方比较多,可以先用油性笔在链条上做个标记,然后从标记开始上油,再遇到标记就表示上完了。
使用注射器往链条两侧滴油,每次1、2滴即可。
第2步上完之后,放置几分钟,让油浸透整个链条。

第3步留在链条外面的油只会粘灰。用干抹布包住链条,转动曲柄,把多余的油擦掉。
第4步如果牙盘和飞轮上沾的油较多,则进行前后变速,将链条变离原来所在的牙盘和飞轮,用抹布擦干沾在牙盘和飞轮上的油。这些油除了粘灰没有别的作用。

第5步每次一般的骑行之后,使用抹布保持干净,一段时间后再清洗上油。
在泥泞的地方骑行时,链条上的油会很快消失殆尽。此时链条的磨损很重,声音也很大,需要及时进行补充。
废旧轮胎的用处
自行车内胎有着绝佳的弹性与韧性,不过废旧的内胎却往往得不到利用,白白被浪费。这对夹子专为废旧内胎而设计,它使用起来如同皮带搭扣一样简单,还能调整车胎的长度和松紧,十分方便。
2011-1-30 08:52:54 上传下载附件 (36.05 KB)

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骑自行车上班的7大理由

  锻炼体格:上班族们通常有各种办公室病如腰椎间盘突出、肩周炎等,平日又难得有时间前往健身房,骑自行车上班乃省时省力的最佳健身方式。
  环保力行:开着汽车说俺要环保那都是假的,石油开采中的危害不说,单单是汽车排放的尾烟,就令空气蒙黑,骑自行车去上班才是真环保。

  低碳先锋:如今环保的重要说法之一是减少排碳量,吃牛肉和开汽车被称为排碳最高的恶习,骑自行车自然能显示出排碳先锋人士的特质,其先锋程度胜于坐公交车的低碳高人。
  比酷:两袖清风、脚踏双轮的上班族,不仅外形健康运动,更是轻松地将自身与暴发户等人士区别开来,虽然开车不一定土,但骑车显然比较酷。
  抢时间:塞车之苦令每个司机苦不堪言,以致有些人不得不比原定时间提前一个小时出门,才能准时到达目的地,自行车的灵活性,在于它能穿梭于任何城间的空隙,令你可真正分秒必争。
  晒时尚:那些外在炫丽、货真价实的自行车何尝不酷?自行车也有品牌高低,车身也具可手绘可喷漆的再造性,在人流如织的车潮中让人眼前一惊艳。另一方面,时尚不靠品牌造,哪怕你骑着烂得要散架的N手车也可能成为风景。
  多功能性:上班可骑,下班可骑,自行车坏了可塞入汽车的后备箱运走,自行车是交通工具也是健身器材,此等多德多能之物并不常见。

骑自行车小TIP
白领人士自然不可穿高跟鞋和长裙骑自行车,要想骑自行车有格调,还需另备一套行头。以下几点也许你从未注意过:

  姿势:骑自行车时要注意正确的骑车姿势。要调整好自行车鞍座的高度和把手等,避免大腿根部内侧及会阴部的擦伤。
      内裤的选择:由于坐垫的反复摩擦,长时间骑自行车,略厚的内裤容易引起不适,一条上乘轻薄柔软的内裤十分必要,一些自行车运动员在比赛中并不穿内裤。
    后视镜:不是只有汽车才需要此镜,自行车同样需要注意安全,都市车流如织,装上后视镜可以更好地注意后面的车行状况,进一步保证自身安全。
  戴头盔:头盔能有效降低摔下车时发生脑震荡的几率,所以美国保险条例中规定骑车必须戴头盔,否则发生意外不予赔偿。但在我国,骑车者很少能注意到这一点

骑车,燃烧脂肪的运动
非典时期,很多人重新拾起自行车,街上骑自行车的人一下多了起来。日前记者走访自行车零售店,一位自行车店的销售员告诉记者,近期来,店里的自行车销售,比往常增加近5成,而一位公交车司机则对记者说,他估计近期搭乘公交车的乘客,比往常少了近3成。一位社会观察人士就此分析说,这不是一个偶然的巧合,公交车人群聚集,容易传染SARS,而自行车不仅可以避开人流,还可以锻炼身体,人们因而纷纷选择“单干”的自行车。



自行车运动的益处

    自行车锻炼的好处是不限时间、不限速度。骑自行车不但可以减肥,而且还可使身材匀称。由于自行车运动是需要大量氧气的运动,所以还可以强化心脏功能。同时还能防止高血压,有时比药物更有效。踩自行车压缩血管,使得血液循环加速,大脑摄入更多的氧气,再加上吸入大量新鲜空气,会觉得脑筋更清楚。骑在车上,你会感觉十分自由且畅快无比。它不再只是一种代步工具,更是愉悦心灵的方式。家住公主坟附近而在大北窑附近某公司上班的许先生,以前都是乘地铁上下班,十分方便、快捷,现在则改为了骑自行车。许先生表示,虽然路上花的时间多了,但落个心里踏实,还锻炼了“一把”身体,还是值得的。

    运动专家指出,由于自行车运动的特殊要求,手臂和躯干多为静力性的工作,两腿多为动力性的工作,在血液重新分配时,下肢的血液供给量较多,心率的变化也依据踏蹬动作的速度和地势的起伏而不同。身体内部急需补充养料和排出废料,所以心跳往往比平时增加2~3倍。如此反复练习,就能使心肌发达,心脏变大,心肌收缩有力,血管壁的弹性增强。从而使肺通气量增大,肺活量增加,肺的呼吸功能提高。

    有关专家建议:运动量要适中。只留意骑自行车的路程是不够的,骑车中遇到阻力可保持你的好身段。每次骑车至少30分钟,但不要超过60分钟。骑车时上身要放松,以避免引起肩膀和脖子酸痛;骑车时不要把身体压得过低,否则会限制腹式呼吸。

骑车旅行的苦与乐

    在国外很多国家,骑自行车旅游已是一种很普遍的外出游玩方式,既可锻炼身体,又能从容欣赏路两边景色。近年,随着人们环保意识的增加,选择燃烧脂肪而不是燃烧汽油更是大势所趋,自行车旅游在国内也日见流行。骑车旅游的爱好者在策划者的组织下,骑车四处游历,寻找属于自己的健康生活。

    骑车出游的乐趣并不是自驾车可以代替的,相约三五知己,结伴同游,一路上可以随意停留,或在林中小憩,或于古迹驻足,轻松悠闲,不亦乐乎。去过阳朔的人们,会对这个骑车旅行的天堂留下深刻印象。自行车甚至已成为阳朔西街风景的一部分,街两旁摆放着各式各样的单车,租金由5元至10元不等,租一辆适合自己的车,骑上就可以出发了。可以走平坦宽阔的公路也可以走羊肠崎岖的小路,不同的路线有不同的风景、不同的感受。骑车出游更是对人们意志力的考验,记者在京顺路上就曾几次见到身着骑车服的骑车旅游爱好者们在赶路,有时队伍前后能相距几公里,落后者若没有顽强的毅力是很难坚持下来的。记者还听一家成都旅行社老总谈起他去年带团去九寨沟游览途中,就看到一支由老人组成的骑车旅行队伍,艰难地骑行在山路上,有时坡太陡,老人们只能下来推着走,他和车上的游客都惊诧老人们是如何克服艰难险阻,愣是从成都骑到九寨沟的,要知道,这段路就是开车上来都够艰险的,让人不得不佩服老人们顽强的毅力。

装备要求

1、选车。最好选用轻型优质的单车,因为选一辆适合自己的单车可以减少很多在路途中遇到的不必要的麻烦。

2、与车的配合。在远足之前可以先来个自我测试,做一个短途旅行,了解一下自己的体力,也可以更好适应车的性能。

3、充分准备。例如气是否足,各部分的零件是否会有问题,在出发前一定要做一个单车性能的检修。如果有能力还可以背一个备用胎、少量工具。如果你是骑自行车越野登山,务必带上地图和指南针。

4、骑车服。衣着要鲜艳,可以穿专用单车短裤,保护皮肤,不致因摩擦而受伤。衣服宜多层,容易调节冷热。最好带头盔,保护头部。

5、多多喝水,以免虚脱。

6、防晒工作要做足。

7、路上遵守交通规则。注意四周车辆和路面情况,转弯时要发出信号,不抢道,不逆行。

8、停车时不要忘记锁车。
骑单车上路注意事项
1.你永远是非机动车,所以你在骑车的时候也永远不要和机动车去激动。
2.你身后的司机不是全能的先知,不可能知道你在路口的时候准备左转右转还是直走,所以你最好给他一点提示。
3.带上头盔,头盔比你的生命便宜,而且更加容易引起异性的注意。
4.刹车的意义是在于控制车的速度而不是瞬间停下,如果你想停下就必须提早刹车。
5.你的能量来自体内的糖元,是不能给你车上主动光源提供电能的,所以你车灯的用途是在于让别人看见你而不是让你去看见别人。
6.你是高素质的骑车人么?如果是,请尊重路上所有会动的东西。并且牢记:任何情况下,行人和机动车都有优先通过权(行人的权利*法律保障,而机动车的权利仅仅是因为长的比自行车强壮)。
7.家人很重要,为了你的安全和他们,你出去骑车应该告诉他们你去哪里。
8.有时候你会认为保险公司是在骗钱,但是当你因车祸住院的时候,你就会知道如果有一笔保险赔偿金的话,那个该死医生的脸色会好看很多。
9.你是人,不是太阳能发动机或者是永动机,上路前,请保证你有充足的燃料——碳水化合物。
10.你骑山地车的话,可能会骑到一些蛮荒野地,虽然我相信你去野外如同进自己家的后花园,但是还是请你带上通讯工具。
11.这是一个物质的世界,骑车的时候带上一点钱可以避免很多麻烦。
12.其他人的交通工具在路上行驶的时候可能会有一点毛病,所以你要多提防他们。
13.当你看不见别人的时候,他们可能在你的后面。
14.玩车不是拍电影可以无数次的CUT重来;也不是电子游戏可以按“RESTART”;你的亲戚朋友里也没有掌管人生死的天神;所以,当你死了以后,那你就肯定是死了;因此,不要在骑车的时候做傻事,好防止意外。
   自行车业余爱好者等级划分
[业余九级]:比一般人更喜欢骑车一点,没事时喜欢骑着自已那辆老26或老28上街闲逛,周末偶而会骑到郊区去散散心。基本没有任何自行车知识,也没有刻意为了骑行而专门买车,骑车主要还是在代步。
  
  [业余八级]:开始下意识想要骑好一点的车参加运动,但是对自行车品牌、自行车知识没有太多了解,认为自行车的结构越复杂就越高级、越昂贵。只要是山地车、公路车、前后避震车等,不管是什么牌子,都觉得适合用来运动。许多人会花几百元买一辆二线品牌车,想要用来假日郊区骑游或是长途旅行。体能处在原生状态,一般骑半小时就开始想要休息。
  
  [业余七级]:有过几次半天或一天的郊区骑游经历。看到其他穿骑行服的车手就认为很专业,开始产生比较心理,关注别人的装备,讲究自行车质量,下意识地去了解自行车品牌,认识到普通牌子的车无法达到自已的骑行要求,时不时去逛当地的专业运动车店,广泛询问山地车还是公路车适合骑行。开始对自已将来的骑行进定位。
  
  [业余六级]:整车、码表、车灯、头盔、水壶、骑行服、手套、车包、头巾、工具等相继购入,心态产生变化,开始自视为专业车手,心情兴奋,急于炫耀,喜欢配齐一身行头,在城市大街小巷上溜达。大多时候是骑给行人看,并且渴望碰到认识的人。对骑行技术没有太多了解,随时想加速就加速、想停就停。每天都要出门骑上1-2小时,盲目进行爬坡与高速练习,每逢周末必外出骑行一整天。非常关注车速,骑行中喜欢时不时地低头看看码表。个人正常时速尚未形成,一般在10-30之间不断跳动。这一级别车手体能有所上升,但膝部刺痛感开始出现。骑行总里程1-200公里。
  
  [业余五级]:有过连续三日以内的近程骑行经验,骑行总里程200-1000公里,正常时速一般为15-22之间。平时广泛学习自行车运动综合知识,对配件知识、骑行技术、饮食结构、旅途经验等等无不认真研究。对他人所言缺少判断力,凡能见到、听到的技术简介、心得体会、经验介绍等皆视为真理,谦诚学习,处在一种盲目模仿的状态中。并进一步盲目向专业化靠拢,自行制定训练计划,与本地同样半斤八两的业余车友们共同大运动量练车,遇坡强上、遇平快骑,追求速度,周末喜欢去挑战一些难度大的路段。开始制定长途骑行计划,安排时间与路线。
  
  [业余四级]:有过连续七日以内的中程骑行经验,骑行总里程1000-3000公里,正常时速一般为18-25之间。心里开始出现升级、换车、组装车等一系列想法,懂得换胎与补胎。对自已的骑行技术尚未有足够的认知,但能够总结出一些旅途经验,不再把别人的经验当成宝典,并开始把自已的经验、故事讲给其他人听,盼望与各地车友进行广泛交流。有意查询关注专业车手的比赛记录、专业等级情况,并有意识地与自已进行比较。渴望进一步挑战,产生了进藏、进疆、环省、环大区、或火车托运到某地的长时间、长旅程的骑行构思。
  
  [业余三级]:有过连续一个月以内的远程骑行经验,骑行总里程为3000-10000公里,正常时速一般为20-28之间。对自行车结构、配件、保养知识已相当了解,配件已升级换代过一次以上,能够自行拆装车。已体会到每个人的身体特点、体能状态不尽相同,开始逐磨一套最适合自已的骑行技术,懂得根据自已的能力来应对不同路段。不再强求自已学什么,也不再强求他人学习自已。更注意保护自已,注重身体健康。
  
  [业余二级]:有过连续一个月以上的远程骑行经验,骑行里程为10000公里以上,正常时速在20-28之间达到极限。在得不到专业人士指点的情况下,不再把骑车视为一种体育运动。心态日趋正常化,把骑行回归到休闲状态,不再盲目追求专业性。骑车看场合,什么样的情况就选择什么的装备,在某些情况下连头盔也不戴,就和街上普通骑车者没有区别,不再刻意证明自已与他们不同。.
  
  [业余一级]:下决心踏入专业门坎,为此自行聘请教练进行针对性、专门性指点,自费参加各种专业化的医疗、体能训练。所采用的一套骑行技术正是最适合自已身体特点的。在对自行车运动的认识、技术水平、体能素质、比赛经验等方面,接近专业青少年选手的水平,相当于半专业化选手。
How to buy a bicycle

Whether you've never bought one before or need a smart new upgrade, these quick tips should help you make the right choice.

Flash the cash
Spend to the hilt of your budget. The point of buying as high as you dare is that the better the bike, the greater the pleasure it will bring you. The greater the joy, the more you'll want to use it. But remember also what safety and security accessories you need (starting with lights, helmet and a lock or two).

Do your homework
There are a huge number of books and up-to-date internet sites - such as the excellent bikeforall.net- to help you find the ideal bike, be it a hybrid, racer, mountain or folding bike. What sort of riding do you want to do? The more you know before you enter the shop, the easier it will be for the bike specialist to help you.

Whatever your size and shape, there's a bike for you
The most important thing when buying a bike is to get the correct size.People can spend thousands on a bike but the money is totally wasted if the bike doesn't fit you. The frame needs to be right, so make sure you test the bike: think about the width of the bars and the length of the handlebar stem.

Keep an inch clearance between the bike's top tube and your nether regions
Eye-watering as it sounds, this is the best way to check the reach and height of the bike is right for you. Remember the saddle position canbe adjusted forwards and back as well as up and down, and the handlebars too. Your dealer should let you do a test-ride so take advantage.

A good bike mechanic will have qualifications
Most British bike shops are members of the Association of Cycle Traders and will have mechanics with CyTech qualifications. This bike industry standard will ensure they've got answers for all your queries,specialist or otherwise.

Even in today's world, bikes can be gender-specific
Traditionally, women's bikes possessed a slanted top tube to make it easier to dismount in a skirt. Now the main difference is that the toptube is shorter in length because women tend to have a shorter reach.Also, with more expensive bikes, the suspension may be specially adjusted.

Men and women have different-shaped pelvises, so get the right saddle
Ensure you choose a saddle that matches your shape, even if this means changing the one that came with the bike. Women's saddles are slightly wider and shorter. For comfort, a softer saddle is better for short trips.

Feel comfortable with the gears
Commuter cyclist Joe Halloran recalls that, "When I was looking to buy a bike,the components were an important factor. The brakes, wheels and gears all need to be of a good quality, just as much as the frame itself." Asan example, work out whether you want "derailleur" gears typical of racing bikes - multiple cogs on the front and rear wheels linked by a movable chain mechanism to give the bike up to 30 "speeds" - or hub gearing common on utility (hybrid) bikes, whereby a gearbox is built into the rear wheel's hub, offering greater protection against weather and bashes but fewer gears.

Buying a bike from an auction website is rarely a good investment
Purchasing second-hand is difficult, and there's a lot to be said for shopping around and taking someone with you who knows what they are talking about. Avoid buying bikes that are unseen/untried/on the cheap(they are never bargains) or flat-packed/self-assembly/auction websitebikes.
很简短 但是会给你打很高分的英语口语集锦
God works. 上帝的安排。
Not so bad. 不错。
No way! 不可能!
Don't flatter me. 过奖了。
Hope so. 希望如此。
Go down to business. 言归正传。
I'm not going. 我不去了。
Does it serve your purpose? 对你有用吗?
I don't care. 我不在乎。
None of my business. 不关我事。
It doesn't work. 不管用。
Your are welcome. 你太客气了。
It is a long story. 一言难尽。
Between us. 你知,我知。
Sure thin! 當然!
Talk truly. 有话直说。
I'm going to go. 我這就去。
Never mind. 不要緊。
Why are you so sure? 怎么这样肯定?
Is that so? 是这样吗?
Come on, be reasonable. 嗨,你怎么不讲道理。
When are you leaving? 你什么时候走?
You don't say so. 未必吧,不至于这样吧。
Don't get me wrong. 别误会我。
You bet! 一定,当然!
It's up to you. 由你决定。
The line is engaged. 占线。
My hands are full right now. 我现在很忙。
Can you dig it? 你搞明白了吗?
I'm afraid I can't. 我恐怕不能。
How big of you! 你真棒!
Poor thing! 真可怜!
How about eating out? 外面吃饭怎样?
Don't over do it. 别太过分了。
You want a bet? 你想打赌吗?
What if I go for you? 我替你去怎么样?
Who wants? 谁稀罕?
Follow my nose. 凭直觉做某事。
Cheap skate! 小气鬼!
Come seat here. 来这边坐。
Dinner is on me. 晚饭我请。
You ask for it! 活该!
You don't say! 真想不到!
Get out of here! 滚出去!
How come… 怎么回事,怎么搞的。
Don't mention it. 没关系,别客气。
It is not a big deal! 没什么了不起!
thousand times no! 绝对办不到!
Who knows! 天晓得!
Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。
Don't let me down. 别让我失望。
It is urgent. 有急事。 Can I have this. 可以给我这个吗?
It doesn't take much of you time. 这不花你好多时间。
Drop it! 停止!Bottle it! 閉嘴!
There is nobody by that name working here.這裡沒有這個人。
Easy does it. 慢慢来。
Don't push me. 别逼我。 Come on! 快点,振作起来!
What is the fuss? 吵什么?
Still up? 还没睡呀?
It doesn't make any differences. 没关系。
It is a deal! 一言为定!
Take a seat! 请坐!
Here ye! 说得对!
It can be a killer. 这是个伤脑筋的问题。
Don't take ill of me. 别生我气。
It's up in the air. 尚未确定。
I am all ears. 我洗耳恭听。
Right over there. 就在那里。
Get an eyeful. 看个够。
Here we are! 我们到了!
I lost my way. 我迷路了
Say hello to everybody for me. 替我向大家问好。
Not precisely! 不见得,不一定!
That is unfair. 这不公平!
We have no way out. 我们没办法。
That is great! 太棒了!
You are welcome! 别客气!
I'm bored to death. 我无聊死了。
Bottoms up! 干杯!
Big mouth! 多嘴驴!
Can-do. 能人。
Don't play possum! 別裝蒜!
He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽煙。
Make it up! 不记前嫌!
Watch you mouth. 注意言辞。
Any urgent thing? 有急事吗?
Good luck! 祝你好运!
Make it. 达到目的,获得成功。
I'll be seeing you. 再见。
I wonder if you can give me a lift? 能让我搭一程吗?
It is raining. 要下雨了。
I might hear a pin drop. 非常寂静。
Don't get loaded. 别喝醉了。
Stay away from him. 别*近他。 Don't get high hat. 别摆架子。
That rings a bell. 听起来耳熟。
Play hooky. 旷工、旷课。
I am the one wearing pants in the house. 我当家。
Get cold feet. 害怕做某事。
Good for you! 好得很!
Go ahead. 继续。
Help me out. 帮帮我。
Let's bag it. 先把它搁一边。
Lose head. 丧失理智。
He is the pain on neck. 他真让人讨厌。
Do you have straw? 你有吸管吗?
Don't make up a story. 不要捏造事实。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 小别胜新婚。
She make a mess of things. 她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。
He has a quick eye. 他的眼睛很锐利。
Shoot the breeze. 闲谈。
Tell me when! 随时奉陪!
It is a small world! 世界真是小!
Not at all. 根本就不(用)。
Let's play it by ear. 让我们随兴所至。
Wait and see. 等着瞧。
Why so blue? 怎么垂头丧气?
What brought you here? 什么风把你吹来了?
Hang on! 抓紧(别挂电话)!
Leave me alone. 别理我。
Chin up. 不气 ,振作些。
You never know. 世事难料。
I stay at home a lot. 我多半在家里。
She'll be along in a few minutes. 他马上会过来。
I'm not in a good mood. 没有心情(做某事)。
He is a fast talker. 他是个吹牛大王。
Daring! 亲爱的!
She is still mad at me. 她还在生我的气。
I'll get even with him one day. 我总有一天跟他扯平
Hit the ceiling. 大发雷霆。
She's got quite a wad. 她身怀巨款。
I don't have anywhere to be. 没地方可去。

I'm dying to see you. 我很想见你。
I swear by the god. 我对天发誓。
Nothing tricky. 别耍花招。
You might at least apologize. 你顶多道个歉就得了。
Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling.   物价直线上升,这样子下去,我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。
None of you keyhole. 不准偷看。
You don't seem to be quite yourself today. 你今天看起来不大对劲。
Do you have any money on you? 你身上带钱了吗?
What is your major? 你学什么专业?
My girlfriend and I broke up. 我和我的女朋友吹了。
It was something that happens once in the blue moon. 这是千载难逢的事。
I'll kick you out. 我将炒你鱿鱼。
I have to be late and keep my date waiting. 我不喜欢迟到而让别人久等。
There is nobody by that name working here. 这里没有这个人。
He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。
He pushes his luck. 他太贪心了。
Nuts! 呸;胡说;混蛋!
I can't make both ends meet. 我上个月接不到下个月,缺钱。
It is of high quality. 它质量上乘。
Dead end. 死胡同。
Would you mind making less noise. 能不能小声点。

World's top 10 greatest cycling routes
There's no better way to explore a place than by bike. Lonely Planet names the top 10 trips that should be on every cyclist's wish list.

OTAGO PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND

With the first half decidedly laid-back and the second portion anything but, the mix of scenery and sweat make this one of the best one-day rides in the country. Starting from university-town Dunedin you soon shed the trappings of the city and succumb to the lure of the open road. The serpentine route twists pleasantly along the shore, providing tremendous ocean views, and the terrain is made for cycling. Then suddenly there's a sharp turn to the right and you're gaining altitude like a climbing fighter-jet. Get ready for steep climbs, fast descents and the odd albatross to keep you company.

CAPE BRETON ISLAND, CANADA

This justifiably renowned cycling route is best-known for the scenery – breathtaking rocky coastlines, the crystal clear Bras d'Or inland sea and the soaring ridges of the Cape Breton Highlands – especially in their autumn colours. But adventure-seekers will also be satisfied as gently rolling hills become invigorating mountains with some tough climbs and heart-thumping descents. Combined with local wildlife (such as beavers, moose and deer), quaint fishing villages, an intriguing Gaelic culture grown from French-Scottish roots and plenty of fresh ocean breezes, Cape Breton is the whole package.

FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA, ITALY

By cycling the often overlooked, yet spectacular, far reaches of the northeast corner of Italy, you have the opportunity to intimately discover this earthy region. Along roads that make for easy pedalling, Slovenian farmers tend their fields in the strong sun, rows of vines cling to voluptuous hill country, and you smell the freshly tilled earth and feel the wind cool the sweat from your face. Then in the evenings, relax in a piazza to sample the region's famous white wines and join the laidback locals for a chat. The route's icing on the cake is the final scenic jaunt down the Istrian coast.

ISLE OF WIGHT, ENGLAND

The Isle of Wight is a cycling paradise that is home to some of the UK's most varied terrain: lush velvet hills rolling into the sea, narrow lanes through tidy hedgerows, deep and mysterious green gullies, and the island's most striking feature, the ridge of white chalk cliffs stretching across its breadth. Although cyclists have been enjoying its outdoor pleasures for decades now, it's only been in recent years that Wight has started to attract young and trendy Londoners looking for a romantic weekend by the sea with a buzz – which gastropubs, slick hotels and a calendar full of festivals now provide.

WEST COAST TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA

By right, Tasmania should be too small to have huge pockets of wilderness, but untouched and untamed lands stretch along its fierce west coast. Cycling land this wild should not come easily and it doesn't, with the hill climbs queuing one after the other – you will notice them but not as much as the scenery, which takes in Tasmania's most famous mountain (Cradle Mountain), its cutest coastal town (Strahan), its highest waterfall (Montezuma Falls) and its most beautiful lake (Lake St Clair), all on highways that feel at times like back roads.

LUBERON AND MONT VENTOUX, FRANCE

Tackling hilly Luberon with a touring load might seem crazy, but several hundred kilometres of well-signed bike paths render it very enjoyable, as do ancient Roman ruins, medieval chateaux and ambrosial wines. This sun-drenched corner of Provence is a mix of manicured vineyards and ancient villages tumbling haphazardly down rocky slopes. Cool pine forests and blue fields of lavender stretch away on either side of the road. But the real goal here is legendary Mont Ventoux, scene of several Tour de France dramas, dominating the landscape and silently luring cyclist-pilgrims to its summit.

SAN JUAN ISLANDS, WASHINGTON, USA

The ferry conveying you and your trusty steed from Seattle or Anacortes weaves its way calmly, the perfect introduction to the slow, peaceful character of these islands. Awaiting you are forested shorelines, secluded coves, bucolic vistas and quiet roads. The three largest islands, Lopez, Orcas and San Juan, each have their own distinctive charm, with historic sites and art galleries. The terrain is hilly, but each can be cycled in a day, including plenty of time to watch for seals, otters, sea lions and the odd orca, or black-tailed deer and eagles further inland.

COUNTY CLARE, IRELAND

Beginning in fertile lowlands flanking the Shannon estuary, this route rolls past golden-sand beaches to the dramatic Cliffs of Moher facing the Atlantic. Next come the music hotbed towns of Milltown Malbay and Doolin, where you enter a pub only if you're in for the long haul – leaving before the last song is sung seems a monstrous breach of etiquette. From here progress to the relentlessly grey, yet captivating, limestone expanse of the Burren, reminiscent of a lunar landscape. Then take a sojourn into Yeats' country before sauntering back in a loop through CountyClare's gentle patchwork countryside.

LA FAROLA, CUBA

Fascinating Cuba is a delight at helmet level. Try the spectacular 9km descent along the La Farola highway, from the crest of the Baracoa Mountains down to the south coast. The highway clings to cliffs hung in tropical vegetation, with guard rails protecting you from drop-to-nowhere gorges, before sweeping from one giant limestone ledge to the next, each turn providing a closer vista of wild open ocean. Built by the Revolutionary government, this magnificent mountain highway is an irresistible challenge for cyclists. Traditionally, the first stage of the Vuelta Ciclista Cuba (Cuba's answer to the Tour de France) is run over this route.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY 1, VIETNAM

This iconic road runs the length of the narrow country from north to south. It is the most popular cycling route in Vietnam, a long but immensely rewarding trip along the best parts of Vietnam's coastline. The route has some reasonable hills, climaxing in the mighty Hai Van Pass (496m) – with a breathtaking descent as pine-clad mountains loom to the west and the South China Sea vanishes into the east. Take the time along the way to gaze at networks of lush rice fields blanketing the hidden valleys below; fish, snorkel or dive the turquoise waters of the coast; and soak up the atmosphere of delightful rural hamlets.
Bicycle Transportation Plan 自行车交通规划
Introduction
Bicycling is an important mode of transportation in the Madison urban area and countywide that is available to people
of all ages and socioeconomic levels. Bicycling is a particularly efficient and convenient form of transportation in urban
areas. Like the automobile, bicycling provides a high degree of independence, flexibility, and freedom of choice relative
to schedule and destination.
Recreational bicycling also continues to be very popular. The Madison urban area has 50 miles of shared-use paths,
which are popular for recreational bicyclists as well as commuters. Rural town roads and many county roadways provide
excellent routes for bicycling in the county. Two major state bicycle trails—the Military Ridge Trail and Glacial Drumlin
Trail—run through the county. The newly built Capital City Trail connects to the Military Ridge Trail and the John
Nolen Drive/Isthmus Bicycle Paths.

Bicycle Plan Purposes
Refine the Bicycle Plan Element of the adopted Vision 2020 Dane County Land Use
& Transportation Plan (1997), which provides the overall policy framework for development and transportation improvements within the county.
Serve as a blueprint for continuing to improve bicycling conditions and safety
and increase bicycling levels.
Identify desirable bicycle routes within Dane County, including routes into and out
of the Madison area and connections between cities and villages.
Serve as a framework for cooperation between state agencies, the county, and
local governments in planning for and developing bicycle facilities.
Educate citizens and policy makers on bicycle transportation and the needs of
bicyclists.
Provide guidelines for planning, designing,and maintaining bicycle facilities.

Bicycle Plan Scope and Planning Process
This plan serves to update and supersede the 1991 Bicycle Transportation
Plan for Madison and Dane County. The plan follows the
recommended comprehensive approach to bicycle transportation
planning, covering the “Four Es” of engineering (facility
improvements), education, encouragement, and enforcement.
The plan identifies on-street bicycle facility (generally bike lane/
paved shoulder) needs and recommends off-street paths/trails
and bicycle routes for the Madison urban area and Dane County.
An analysis was done of the suitability for bicycling of existing
roadways in the Madison urban area and rural Dane County.
This information was used to identify on-street bicycle facility
needs, and in particular, travel corridors that serve as barriers
to bicyclist mobility due to their low compatibility for bicycling
and the lack of reasonably direct alternative routes.
Existing land use, transportation and parks and open space
plans have been integrated into the bicycle plan. Recommended
bicycle facilities in these plans have been included in the bicycle
plan to the extent they fit within the regional scope of
the plan.
Along with facility improvements, education and encouragement
are important elements in increasing bicycling while also
improving safety. Together, they can improve the skills and
confidence of bicyclists to ride safely in traffic, which is critical
for increasing their effective mobility. The plan makes recommendations
for building upon current education and encouragement
activities.
and maintaining bicycle facilities.



目录:


Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
A. Bicycle Plan Scope and Purposes .................................................................................. 1
Plan Scope ................................................................................................2
Plan Purposes ............................................................................................2
B. Legislative and Planning Context ................................................................................. 3
Relationship to Other Bicycle and Local Plans ...............................................................................4
C. Public Participation ................................................................................................. 5
D. Plan Organization.................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 2 The Importance of Bicycling and Bicyclists’ Needs
A. The Benefits of Bicycling ................................................................................................... 7
B. Improving Bicycling Conditions ......................................................................................... 8
Meet the Needs of All Types of Bicyclists ......................................................................................8
Accommodate Bicyclists on Roadways ............................................................................................8
Provide Appropriate Facilities ...........................................................................................................9
Provide Safe Intersections and Street Crossings .......................................................................... 10
Ensure That Traffic Signals Work for Bicyclists .......................................................................... 11
Eliminate Barriers and Hazards to Bicyclists ................................................................................ 11
Utilize Opportunities for Off-Street Facilities ............................................................................. 12
Ensure Regular Facility Maintenance ............................................................................................ 12
Implement Neighborhood Traffic Management Strategies ....................................................... 13
Provide Convenient, Secure Parking and Other Ancillary Facilities ......................................... 13
Provide Intermodal Connections .............................................................................................. 13
Bicycle-Friendly Land Use and Street Design .............................................................................. 14
Provide Education and Training Opportunities and Encouragement...................................... 15
Enforce Traffic Laws ......................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 3 Existing Bicycle Travel and Conditions
A. Existing Bicycle Travel ...................................................................................................... 17
Bicycling Levels .......................................................................................................... 17
Bicycle Trip Characteristics ............................................................................... 19
Bicyclist Demographics .......................................................................................... 19
B. Existing Bicycle Facilities and Conditions in the Madison Urban Area ..........................20
On-Street Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................. 20
Bicycle Compatibility Evaluation of Madison Area Roadways ................................................. 23
Off-Street Bicycle Facilities ............................................................................................. 31
Bicycle Parking Facilities and Access to Transit ........................................................................... 32
Planned Bicycle Facilities with Approval Funding ...................................................................... 32
C. Existing Bicycle Facilities and Conditions in Dane County .............................................33
On-Road Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................ 33
Bicycle Suitability Analysis of Rural Roadways in Dane County .............................................. 33
Bicycle Facilities Associated with Utility or Natural Resource Corridors ................................ 34
Planned Facilities with Approved Funding................................................................................... 34
i
Chapter 4 Existing Policies and Plans Related to Bicycling
A. Federal Transportation Policy ............................................................................................37
B. State Bicycle-Related Plans, Policies, and Programs ........................................................38
Translinks 21 ........................................................................................................... 38
State Bicycle Transportation Plan .................................................................................................. 38
WisDOT Policy Regarding Provision of Bicycle Facilities on State Highways ....................... 38
WisDOT Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Program ........................................................ 38
C. Madison Area MPO Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ..................................................39
Dane County Land Use & Transportation Plan .......................................................................... 39
MPO Project Ranking Process ....................................................................................................... 39
D. County Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies .......................................................................39
Dane County Land Use and Transportation Plan ....................................................................... 39
Dane County Executive Design Dane! Report ............................................................................... 39
Dane County Highway and Transportation Department Policies and Programs ................... 40
County Parks and Open Space Plan .............................................................................................. 40
Northern Lake Mendota Regional Plan ........................................................................................ 40
E. Local Community Bicycle-Related Plans, Policies, and Regulations ............................... 41
Central Urban Area Communities ................................................................................................. 41
University of Wisconsin ................................................................................................... 44
Outer Area Communities .......................................................................................... 44
Chapter 5 Bicycle Operation and Safety Considerations and Current Educational,
Encouragement, and Enforcement Programs and Activities
A. Wisconsin Laws Governing Bicyclists ...............................................................................45
Lake Positioning, Use of Shoulders, Turning .............................................................................. 45
Passing Clearances .................................................................................................. 45
Riding Two Abreast ............................................................................................... 45
Use of Sidewalks ..................................................................................................... 45
Use of Off-Street Paths ................................................................................................. 46
Bicycling at Night ....................................................................................................... 46
Regulatory Authority of Local Governments .............................................................................. 46
B. Bicycle Crashes ...................................................................................................46
Trends and Characteristics of Bicycle Crashes and Bicyclists Involved in Them................... 46
Bicycle Crash Types and Contributing Factors ............................................................................ 48
Summary ................................................................................................ 50
C. Bicycle Safety Education and Training .............................................................................50
Existing Bicycle Safety and Training Programs and Resources ................................................. 50
D. Encouragement Activities and Policies .............................................................................52
Information and Maps ................................................................................................. 52
Programs and Projects ................................................................................................ 52
Events .............................................................................................. 53
E. Enforcement ...................................................................................53
ii
Chapter 6 Making the Region an Even Better Place to Bicycle: Goals and
Objectives and Recommended Actions
A. Vision, Goals, and Objectives ............................................................................................55
Bicycling Vision for the Region ...................................................................................................... 55
Bicycle Plan Goals ................................................................................................ 55
Bicycle Plan Objectives ........................................................................................... 55
B. Recommended Actions ......................................................................................................58
Bicycle Facilities Planning and Development............................................................................... 58
Facilities Maintenance ................................................................................................ 63
Parking and Other End-of-Trip Facilities ..................................................................................... 64
Education and Encouragement Programs.................................................................................... 66
Enforcement .................................................................................... 68
Plan Implementation...................................................................................... 69
Chapter 7 Recommended Madison Urban Area and County Bicycle Facility
Plans
A. Recommended Madison Urban Area Bicycle Facilities Plan ........................................... 71
B. Recommended Countywide Bicycle Facilities Plan ..........................................................85
C. Bicycle Plan Costs and Funding Sources ..........................................................................88
Bicycle Plan Costs ...................................................................................................... 88
Bicycle Plan Funding Sources ....................................................................................... 101
D. Transportation Improvement Programming Process ...................................................... 106
iii
Appendices
Appendix A: Design Guidelines for Bicycle Facilities
A. Introduction ............................................................................................ A-1
Purpose of the Guidelines .................................................................................................. A-1
Plan Policy Regarding Provision of Bicycle Facilities ...................................................................... A-1
Definitions................................................................................................. A-2
B. The Design Bicyclist ....................................................................................................... A-3
C. Types of Bicycle Facilities .............................................................................................. A-3
Shared Roadways ................................................................................... A-3
Wide Curb Lanes ............................................................................... A-4
Wide Streets with Low Parking Occupancy ............................................................................... A-4
Signed Shared Roadway .......................................................................................... A-5
Bicycle Boulevard .................................................................................................. A-5
Bicycle Lanes .............................................................................................. A-6
Location within Street Cross-Section and Width ...................................................................... A-7
Signing and Marking ................................................................................... A-7
Bicycle/Parking and Bus/Bicycle Lanes ..................................................................................... A-8
Contra-Flow Bicycle Lanes ...................................................................................................... A-8
Bicycle Lane Treatments at Intersections ................................................................................... A-9
Retrofitting Streets with Bike Lanes ............................................................................................ A-13
Paved Shoulders on Rural Roadways .................................................................................................. A-14
Width Standards ......................................................................................... A-14
iv
Shared-Use Paths .................................................................................................... A-15
Width and Clearance ............................................................................... A-16
Pavement Structure and Drainage ............................................................................................... A-16
Curb Cuts ............................................................................................. A-17
Path-Roadway Intersections ....................................................................................... A-17
Undesirability of Sidewalk Bikeways ...........................................................................................A-18
D. Traffic Signals ............................................................................... A-19
Signal Timing ............................................................................... A-19
Demand-Actuated Signals.......................................................................................... A-19
Programmed Visibility Signals ............................................................................................. A-20
E. Additional Design Considerations .................................................................................. A-20
Road Hazards ................................................................................... A-20
Drainage Grates and Utility Covers ............................................................................................. A-20
At-Grade Railroad Crossings ......................................................................... A-20
Rumble Strips .................................................................................... A-21
Lighting ....................................................................................... A-21
Structures ......................................................................................... A-21
Roadway Bridges ................................................................................... A-21
Shared-Use Path Over/Underpasses ................................................................................ A-22
Traffic Calming Devices: Considerations for Bicyclists ................................................................... A-22
Bicycle Network Continuity During Construction or Other Travel Disruptions ........................ A-23
F. Maintenance ......................................................................................... A-24
Pavement Surfaces .................................................................................................... A-24
Removal of Debris.................................................................................... A-24
Snow and Ice Removal ............................................................................ A-24
Signs, Stripes, Legends.............................................................................. A-24
Encroaching Vegetation ............................................................................... A-24
G. Bicycle Parking ...................................................................................... A-25
Dimensions and Location ...................................................................................... A-25
Number of Spaces .................................................................................... A-25
Bicycle Racks ................................................................................... A-26
Appendix B: Bicycle Parking Rack Selection
Appendix C: Federal and State Discretionary Funding Sources for Bicycle
Transportation Projects
Appendix D: List of Abbreviations
Table Page
Chapter 3
1 Transportation to Work: 1990 ............................................................................................................18
2 Trip Purpose Distribution ............................................................................... 19
3 Distance That UW Students and Employees Who Commute by Bicycle Live
from Campus........................................................................................... 19
4 Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) Ranges Associated with Level of Service (LOS)
Designations .......................................................................................... 24
Chapter 5
5 Age Distribution of Bicyclists Involved in Crashes: Madison, Wisconsin 1987–1990..............47
6 Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Crashes in Dane County by Municipality: 1994–1998 ........................... 47
7 Bicycle Injury Rate by Speed of Motor Vehicle: Wisconsin 1989–1998 .....................................48
8 Bicyclist-Motorist Crashes by Crash Type: Madison, Wisconsin 1987–1990 .............................. 49
Chapter 7
9 Prioritized List of On-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in the Madison
Urban Area .................................................................................77
10 Prioritized List of Off-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in the Madison
Urban Area ......................................................................................81
11 Key Project Links in Regional Bicycle Travel Corridors ................................................................ 86
12 Prioritized List of On-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in Dane County ................ 95
13 Prioritized List of Off-Street Bicycle Facility Projects in Dane County ......................................99
14 Unit Costs for Bicycle Facilities ........................................................... 102
15 Federal and State Funding Opportunities for Bicycle Facilities and Programs ........................ 105
Figure
Page
Chapter 3
1 Existing Bicycle Facilities in the Madison Urban Area .................................................................. 26
2 Existing Bicycle Routes in the Madison Urban Area......................................................................28
3 Bicycle Compatibility of Madison Urban Area Roadways ............................................................30
4 Existing Conditions and Facilities for Bicyclists in Dane County ................................................36
Chapter 7
5 Madison Area Bicycle Facilities Plan .................................................................................................74
6 Madison Area Bicycle Route Plan ..................................................................................................... 76
7 Key Project Links in Regional Bicycle Travel Corridors ................................................................ 90
8 Dane County Bicycle Facilities Plan ..................................................................................................92
9 Dane County Bicycle Route Plan ...................................................................................................... 94


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